Which of the following is NOT one of the two primary cognitive strategies in DBT?

• A. Contingency clarification and cognitive restructuring
• B. Mindfulness
• C. Cognitive restructuring
• D. Contingency clarification

Answer: (B)

In DBT, cognitive strategies are used to change thinking and the links between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The two primary cognitive strategies are cognitive restructuring and a contingency-based approach that clarifies and modifies the consequences of behavior (contingency management/clarification). Mindfulness, on the other hand, is a separate skill set focused on nonjudgmental present-moment awareness and observation, taught as its own module rather than as a cognitive strategy. Therefore, mindfulness is not one of the two primary cognitive strategies, making it the correct choice. The other options describe the cognitive strategies themselves.